Urinary Assays
Urinary Analytes |
Kit Description | Catalogue Number |
Albuwell II | h Albumin ELISA, Strip Plate | 1004 |
Albuwell M | m Albumin ELISA, Strip Plate | 1011 |
Albuwell O | o Albumin ELISA, Strip Plate | 1013 |
Collagen IV Human | h Collagen IV, Strip Plate | 1015 |
Collagen IV M | m/r Collagen IV, Strip Plate | 1014 |
Creatinine Companion | Creatinine Assay, Strip Plate | 1012 |
Nephrat II | r Albumin ELISA, Strip Plate | NR002 |
Albuwell Hamster | Hamster ELISA, Strip Plate | 1018 |
Nephrin ELISA | h, r, m Nephrin, Strip Plate | 1019 |
Universal TBARs | (h,r,m chemical assay, strip & black plate) | 1020 |
DTNB-Thiols | (h,r,m chemical assay, strip plate) | 1021 |
Podocalyxin ELISA | h Podoclyxin ELISA, Strip Plate | 1023 |
Adiponectin ELISA | (h,r,m adiponectin ELISA) | 1024 |
Beta-IG-H3 | (h Beta-induced h3 ELISA, strip plate) | 1025 |
Beta-IG-H3 | (m Beta-induced h3 ELISA, strip plate) | 1026 |
h = human; m = mouse; r = rat: c = canine; p = primate, non human
A brief summary of the assays is available by selecting the relevant tab below.
Albuwell: Cat No. 1004 | Albuwell: 1004 Strip Plate |
Methodology: | Competitive ELISA |
Summary of procedure: | These kits were designed to monitor kidney function by quantitative estimation of albumin in human urine. They successfully measure albumin concentrations well outside the range of conventional dip-stick methods. To complete the assay, standard dilutions and urine samples are added to a plate precoated with human albumin. An enzyme conjugated anti-albumin antibody is added, and the plate is incubated for 30 minutes. During this time the conjugated antibody binds to either the albumin on the solid phase or to that in the liquid phase, hence the notion of competition. Thereafter, components remaining in the liquid phase are washed away, and bound conjugate determined using TMB Substrate Solution. The chromogenic reaction is stopped after 2-5 minutes using dilute acid (Albuwell). Color intensity is determined spectrophotometrically, with a microtiter plate reader (Albuwell). |
Specimen Required: | 10ul, 50ul or 100ul |
Assay Range: | 0.15 - 2,560 ug/ml |
Precision: | Intra- and interassay precision for samples within the assay range have a C.V.<7%. |
Specificity: | The antibody is specific for human albumin. It does not cross-react with rat albumin or with other proteins that occur in urine. |
Expected Values: | A total of 42 time urine samples representing collection intervals from 2-8 hours were collected from normal volunteers. Normal excretion rate ranged from 1.7-16.1 ug/min., with an average of 4.3 ug/min. 95% of the normal population had excretion rates less than 9.5 ug/min. A random screening of diabetic patients showed that 16 (51%) had normal levels of urinary albumin, 10 (33%) were microalbuminuric and 5 (16%) were proteinuric. |
Method Comparison: | Diagnostic Products Corp., Double Antibody RIA |
Albuwell M Cat No. 1011 | |
Methodology: | Competitive ELISA |
Summary of procedure: | Albuwell M is an indirect competitive ELISA designed to monitor kidney function in the mouse by measurement of urinary albumin. To complete the assay, sample and rabbit anti-murine albumin antibody are added to albumin coated wells. The antibody interacts and binds with the albumin immobilized to the stationary phase or with albumin in the fluid phase, hence the notion of competitive binding.A subsequent reaction with anti-rabbit -HRP conjugate labels the probe with enzyme. After washing, only the antibody-conjugate bound to the stationary phase remains in the well, and this is detected using a chromogenic reaction. Color intensity is inversely proportional to the logarithm of albumin in the fluid phase. The assay may be completed in less than 2.5 hours. |
Specimen Required: | Urine, 10ul |
Assay Range: | 0.3-10 ug/ml |
Precision: | Intraassay and interassay precision for samples within the useful range of the assay have a C.V.<10% of the mean. |
Collagen IV H Cat No. 1015 | |
Methodology: | Competitive ELISA |
Summary of procedure: | Collagen IV H is an indirect competitive ELISA designed to measure type IV collagen in biological and tissue culture specimens of human origin. The assay may be completed in a “normal sensitivity” mode, with a useful assay range of 0.156-10 ug collagen IV/mL. A slightly different procedure, the “enhanced sensitivity” mode typically yields a useful assay range of 0.02-2.5 ug/mL, and is sensitive enough to detect collagen IV in urine specimens.
To complete the assay, sample and goat anti-collagen IV antibody are added to human collagen IV coated wells. The antibody interacts and binds with the collagen IV immobilized to the stationary phase or with the antigen in the fluid phase, hence the notion of competitive binding. After a suitable incubation period, the plates are washed, and a rabbit anti-goat -HRP conjugate is used to detect bound antibody. After washing, only the antibody-conjugate bound to the stationary phase remains in the well, and this is detected using a chromogenic reaction. Color intensity is inversely proportional to the logarithm of collagen IV in the fluid phase. The assay may be completed in less than 3 hours.The “enhanced sensitivity” mode is completed by placing the samples and anti-collagen IV antibody into tubes and incubating 2-24 hours. Here, the antibody can only react with the collagen IV of the fluid phase. Subsequently, aliquots of the mixture are added to the plate where remaining free antibody can react with the antigen of the stationary phase. The bound antibody is detected as described above. |
Specimen Required: | 50-100 uL Cell Culture Extract, Urine |
Assay Range: | Normal Sensitivity: 0.156-10 ug/mLEnhanced Sensitivity: 0.02-2.5 ug/mL |
Precision: | Intraassay and interassay precision for samples within the useful range of the assay have a C.V.<10% of the mean. |
Manufacturer/Trade: | Exocell / Collagen IV M |
Catalogue Numbers: | 1014 Strip Plate |
Methodology: | Competitive ELISA |
Summary of procedure: | Collagen IV M is an indirect competitive ELISA designed to measure type IV collagen in biological and tissue culture specimens of murine origin. The kit also works with rat specimens. The assay may be completed in a "normal sensitivity" mode, with a useful assay range of 0.156-10 ug collagen IV/mL. A slightly different procedure, the "enhanced sensitivity" mode typically yields a useful assay range of 0.02-2.5 ug/mL, and is sensitive enough to detect collagen IV in urine specimens. To complete the assay, sample and rabbit anti-collagen IV antibody are added to murine collagen IV coated wells. The antibody interacts and binds with the collagen IV immobilized to the stationary phase or with the antigen in the fluid phase, hence the notion of competitive binding. After a suitable incubation period, the plates are washed, and an anti-rabbit -HRP conjugate is used to detect bound rabbit antibody. After washing, only the antibody-conjugate bound to the stationary phase remains in the well, and this is detected using a chromogenic reaction. Color intensity is inversely proportional to the logarithm of collagen IV in the fluid phase. The assay may be completed in less than 3 hours. The "enhanced sensitivity" mode is completed by placing the samples and anti-collagen IV antibody into tubes and incubating 2-24 hours. Here, the antibody can only react with the collagen IV of the fluid phase. Subsequently, aliquots of the mixture are added to the plate where remaining free antibody can react with the antigen of the stationary phase. The bound antibody is detected as described above. |
Specimen Required: | 50-100 uL Cell Culture Extract, Urine |
Assay Range: | Normal Sensitivity: 0.156-10 ug/mL Enhanced Sensitivity: 0.02-2.5 ug/mL |
Precision: | Intraassay and interassay precision for samples within the useful range of the assay have a C.V.<10% of the mean. |
Creatinine Companion Cat No. 1012 | |
Methodology: | Chemical Analysis |
Summary of procedure: | The Creatinine Companion is a chemical assay designed to monitor urinary creatinine in a convenient microplate format. It is intended as a "companion" for Exocell urinary albumin assays.The assay is based upon the Jaffe' reaction of alkaline picrate with creatinine. Standards or samples are added to a microplate, and alkaline picrate reagent is added. Absorbance at 500 nm is determined after a 10 minute incubation on the benchtop. Subsequently, an acid solution is added, and absorbance is again determined after a 5 minute incubation. The difference between these absorbance values is directly proportional to the the creatinine concentration, and a standard curve is generated from the response to the standards. Unknown samples are evaluated by comparing response to the standard curve. The assay may be completed in less than 30 minutes.The assay serves as a normalization procedure for other analytes in urine samples, particularly for urinary albumin (1,2). It allows for a measure of kidney function based on a spot urine sample rather than the usual 24 hour pool. |
Specimen Required: | Urine, 20 ul |
Assay Range: | 10-100 ug/ml or 1-10 mg/dL |
Precision: | Intra- and interassay precision of samples within the useful range have a C.V.<10% of the mean. |
References: | 1. Bennet, P. H. et. al. Screening and management of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetis mellitus. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 25:107, 1995. |
NR002 Strip Plate | |
Methodology: | Competitive ELISA |
Summary of procedure: | Nephrat II is a direct competitive ELISA for the quantitative determination of urinary albumin in rat specimens. To complete the assay, controls, standards and diluted samples are added to rat albumin coated plates. An anti-rat albumin antibody-HRP conjugate is added, and allowed to react. Specific antigen-antibody reactions occur either with the albumin of the fluid phase or with that of the stationary phase, hence the notion of competitive binding. Subsequently, the plate is washed, and unbound reactants are washed away. Only conjugate bound to the stationary phase remains. A chromogenic substrate, TMB, is added to the wells, and color development ensues. Color intensity is inversely proportional to the log of rat albumin concentration of the sample. Nephrat II has a useful dynamic range of 1.56-100 ug rat albumin/ mL, and samples must be diluted appropriately to fall within that range. The kit includes 2 plates and sufficient reagents to complete 80 analyses in duplicate. |
Specimen Required: | Urine, 10ul |
Assay Range: | 2.0-100ug/ml |
Precision: | Intraassay and interassay precision for samples within the useful range have a C.V.<10%. |
Specificity: | No cross-reactivity with human, sheep, rabbit or bovine albumin. Negligable cross-reactivity with mouse albumin. |
Nephrin ELISA Cat No. 1019 | |
Methodology: | Competitive ELISA |
Summary of Procedure: | Nephrin ELISA is an indirect competitive ELISA designed to measure nephrin in urine specimens of rodent or human origin. Nephrin, a transmembrane protein expressed in epithelial cells (podocytes) of the renal glomerulus, regulates passage of plasma proteins across the glomerular filtration barrier and may be shed into the urine in diseases affecting the glomerulus such as diabetes mellitus. To complete the assay, standard or sample containing nephrin in the soluble phase is added to microtiter wells that contain nephrin antigen immobilized onto the solid phase, and to which rabbit anti-nephrin antibody is added in the fluid phase. The antibody binds to either the immobilized nephrin or the soluble nephrin, which compete for this binding. After a one hour incubation at room temperature, the plates are washed and a goat anti-rabbit – HRP conjugate is used to detect bound antibody. Plates are washed and only the antibody conjugate bound to the stationary phase antigen remains in the well, which is detected with a chromogenic reaction. Color intensity is inversely proportional to the concentration of nephrin in the fluid phase. Concentrations in experimental samples are determined from a standard curve. |
Specimen Required: | Urine, 100uL |
Assay Range: | 0.031-2.0 ug/ml |
Precision: | Intraassay and interassay precision for samples in the useful range have CVs <10% of the mean |
Specificity: | Rabbit anti-nephrin antibody reacts with several mammalian species including rodent and human |
Catalogue Numbers: |
1020 |
Methodology: |
Chemical Assay |
Summary of procedure: |
The TBARs assay kit measures malondialdehyde (MDA), a reactive compound formed from lipid peroxides that are generated under conditions of oxidative stress. Oxidative modification of lipids occurs with aging and various diseases, and increased oxidative stress is associated with diabetes and its complications. Cellular exposure to oxidative stress gives rise to highly reactive and unstable lipid hydroperoxides. Decomposition of unstable peroxides derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids leads to the MDA formation. MDA reacts with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) to form an adduct that can be measured spectrophotometrically or fluorometrically, the latter providing greater sensitivity. Determination of TBARs in biological samples has become the preferred method for assessing lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Exocell's TBARs assay can be used with a spectrum of biological samples including body fluids, tissue and cell specimens. |
Specimen Required: |
100uL |
Assay Range: |
0-30 nmole fluorometrically |
Precision: |
Intra- and inter-assay precision <8% |
Catalogue Numbers: |
1024 |
Methodology: |
Quantitative ELISA |
Summary of Procedure: |
Adiponectin-ELISA is designed to measure the concentration of adiponectin in samples of rodent or human origin. Decreased levels of adiponectin, an adipose-derived protein with anti-inflammatory, anti-artherogenic and insulin-sensitizing properties, are linked to obesity, insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Serum adiponectin levels are elevated in patients with overt diabetic nephropathy and may be due to either an increase in synthesis of adiponectin in adipose tissue secreted into the circulation or to a reduction in adiponectin clearance. Quantification of adiponectin in serum or urine may be used as a marker for renal insufficiency and tubular damage especially in overt diabetic nephropathy. |
Specimen Required: |
Serum, Urine, Culture Medium or Cell extracts (Mouse, Rat, or Human) |
Assay Range: |
0.156 ng/ml - 10.0 ng/ml |
Precision: |
Intra- and inter-assay precision for samples within the assay range have a C.V. o f <7% |
Catalogue Numbers: |
1025 & 1026 |
Methodology: |
Quantitative Sandwich ELISA |
Summary of Procedure: |
ßIG-H3 ELISA is designed to measure ßig-h3 (beta-induced H3) in urine, serum or cell culture supernatant of mouse origin. ßig-h3 is a 68 kD protein induced in diverse cell types by the growth factor Transforming Growth Factor-ß (TGF-ß) that is secreted into the extracellular matrix and is involved in cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, and wound healing. ßig-h3 expression is altered in various conditions including tumorigenesis, breast cancer, corneal dystrophy, osteogenesis, and atherothrombosis. ßig-h3 is elevated in the urine of rodents with experimental diabetes and in patients with cyclosporine nephrotoxicity and with type 2 diabetes, in whom it shows positive correlation with the albumin excretion rate, making it a useful biomarker of renal dysfunction due to diabetes in its earliest phases and in monitoring clinical progression of diabetic nephropathy. |
Specimen Required: |
50 ul urine, serum or tissue extract |
Assay Range: |
1025 = 50 - 4000 pg/ml : 1026 = 150 – 10,000 pg/ml |
Precision: |
Intra- and inter-assay precision for samples within the assay range have a C.V. o f <7%. |